INCAS MACHU PICCHU

MACHU PICCHU located high in the Andes mountain .It lies 48 miles northwest of Cuzco at the top of a range.


MACHU PICCHU means "OLD PEAK" and it most likely compose of royal estate and religious retreat . It was built between the year of 1460 and 1470AD by the Incan ruler of the Inca civilization named Pachacuti Inca Yupanqui .


At the altitude of 8 000 feat , that mountain comprised of approximately around 200 building at the top and countless building bellow the ridge .


there are about 1 200 of people lived in the Machu Picchu but there are many more of it's citizen living around the mountain ridge so that it was easier for them to come and visit the temple and give some sacrifice according to their monk . Most of the people that lived in is women , child and architects .

Most of the structure build there is from the granite block cut by using conventional tools such as bronze and stone axes . The houses that design and built by the architect had steep thatched roof and trapezoidal doors . Some of the houses were two stories tall .

The Incas planted crops such as potatoes and maize at Machu Picchu as the source of food and use it as trading stuff in the trading market .

One of the most important thing found at Machu Picchu is the Inthihuatana , It was a column of stone that rising from a block of stone the sized of a grand piano . Inthihuatana means ' For Tying The Sun ' or translated as ' Hitching Post Of The Sun ' . Mummies have also been found there and most of the mummies were women .

The other mysterial building in the Machu Picchu is The Royal Tomb that has been the site of mummies excavations . More than 100 skeletal remain discovered here and 80% of the mummies were women .

The other famous building in Machu Picchu is The Temple Of Condor and it was the example of the Inca stonemasory . On the floor of the temple is a rock carved in the shape of the condor's head and neck with feathers , completing the figure of a bird . Lastly , the Intiwatana is the only one of its kind that not being lopped off by the Spanish conquerrors .

The information above was taken from the internet . My observation about Machu Picchu is it was a interesting place to visit for the whole family because we can get new knowledge about the ancient civilization and Machu Picchu as the mega city of its time .

Great Orators of the World...

For this week I am to be responsible for the subject of our discussion which is 'orator'. I search through the internet and found many great and successful orators but my list of chosen people is based on my view of how they really contribute to their cause. But firstly what is orator??

An orator or oratist is a public speaker, and from Merriam-Webster online dictionary an orator
is the one who delivers an oration and one who is distinguished for skill and and power as a public speaker.

I am not saying that the people I choose to write about is the greatest but they really touch me because of their valiant effort to speak their mind, to right what is wrong and to oppose against some of the wrong-doings of certain people. Here is one person who is on top of my list:

SHEIKH AHMED HUSSEIN DEEDAT

Born in the Surat district of India in 1918, the late Ahmed Deedat had only known that his father is in South Africa in 1926 and when he decided to go to South Africa in 1927 it his last farewell to his mother for she passed away after a few months away. Sheikh Ahmed Deedat passion in protecting the good name of Islam started when he worked at a Muslim owned store near a Christian seminary.

The insult was thrown against the Prohet Muhammad SAW who they accused of using violence when spreading Islam. As fated, Ahmed Deedat found a book entitled "Izhar ul-Huqq"( Truth Revealed). This book was about the enourmous success of indian Muslims turning the tables against Christian missionary harassment in India a century earlier, this brought the attention of Deedat to buy his first Bibble. Armed with vast new knowlege Deedat hold debates against the trainee missionaries who insulted Islam and won. After that fated day Sheikh Ahmed Deedat began to immerse himself into a host of activities with the sole purpose of projecting the TRUTH of Islam.

His fame began to spread throughtout South Africa and eventualy the whole world began to note his credibility. On the right is a record on one of his famous debate with Anis Shorrosh. The event took place in Dec 1985 at the Royal Albert Hall in London. The debate lasted for 240 minutes including Q & A sessions. This was not only his international works. Sheikh Ahmed Deedat has hold debates against many famous Christian scholars including Jimmy Swaggart, Dr. Robert Douglas and many more.

There was once where Sheikh Ahmed Deedat chalenged the Pope at that time which was Pope John Paul ll to a debate relating to Islam and Christianity publicly in the Vatican Square, but the Pope only agreed to a private conference meeting in his cabin.

Sheikh Ahmed Deedat played an important role lifting the Glory of Islam through his works
as the founder of Islamic Propagation Centre International. He delivered thousands of speeches
all around the world and sucessfully engaged Christian Evengelist in public. Several Thousand have come in the fold of Islam as aresult of these afforts.

One of his famous books

Another one of his best. This was a debate he held against Josh McDowell on the topic of "Was Christ crucified".

In 1996 Sheikh Ahmed Deedat suffered from a serious stroke and remained paralysed and bedridden for 9 years. On 8 August, 2005 he passed away. May Allah SWT blessed his soul withal-Jannah for all his excellant efforts for Da'wah of Islam worldwide.

A true Muslim and great orator( 1918-2005 )

~MAYAN + MAORI PEOPLE~

Now,300 million indigenous people are living throughout the world including the Maori people of New Zealand,the Maya of Mexico and Central America,the Inuit of the Canadian Arctic. Besides that the indigenous people that live at south America,Incas and Aymara people.

So,today I want to give some information about the characteristic of indegenous people. Firstly about Maya people that living at Mexico and Central America.Maya peoples had diverse range of the Native American people of southern Mexico and northern Central America.The meaning words "Maya" is a convenient collective designation to include the peoples of the region who share some degree of cultural and linguistic heritage. Althought the term embraces many distinct populations, societies, and ethnic groups.Besides that who each have their own particular traditions, cultures, and historical identity also can identify in group people of Maya.

7million Maya people had estimed living in that area at the startted of the 21st century. Some ethnic Maya that live at of southern Mexico and the Yucatan Peninsula, Guatemala, Belize, El Salvador, and western Honduras has managed to maintained substantial remnants of their ancient cultural heritage. Now,half of them more into the modern cultures of the nations in which they want, while others Maya people still continue and more into traditional culturally lifestyle,such as speaking one of the Mayan languages as a primary language.

The largest populations of Maya people that still have at theMexican states of Yucatán, Campeche, Quintana Roo, Tabasco, andChiapas, and in the Central American countries of Belize, Guatemala, and the western portions of Honduras and El Salvador.

Besides that,I want to discuss about the ethnic of Maori which are the indigenous Polynesian people of New Zealand. The group had arrived in southwestern Polynesia in several waves at some time before 1300.The Maori people live in islands.

New Zealand have in increasing numbers from the late 18th century when Europeans came and the technologies and diseases they brought to Maori society. After 1840, Maori lost much of their land and went into a cultural and numerical decline, but their population began to increase again from the late 19th century, and a cultural revival began in the 1960s.

Some cultures that still Meori people have such are firstly was the poi is a performance art employing a ball suspended from a length of flexible material, usually a plaited cord, held in the hand and swung in circular patterns. This is usually accompanied by the waiata, to add rhythm and a visual accompaniment. The earliest recorded performances of the Poi dates back to 1905, when it represented the arrival of the canoe to New Zealand.

Besides that,the haka performances.The haka is a dance that is performed with loud and fierce shouts. People sometimes refer to it as a war dance, or a challenge to whomever the haka is being performed.It is widely known through pre-match performance by the New Zealand national rugby union team, and has come to be strongly associated with New Zealand.This form of dance was used on battlefields during wartime, perhaps because of its fierceness.

The Arts of Culinary

As it is in the title, our group have discussed and will like to talk about the culinary arts.

Starting with the very definition of the sentence.

Well, from the dictionary "culinary" basically means of or relating to a kitchen or cookery.

Culinary arts is of course if you had guessed from the picture above is the ART of COOKING. A culinarian is the person who performs the culinary arts or also commonly known as a cook or the word I think better suits the professionalism is a chef.

Here is one of the famous figure in the area of culinary arts, Jamie Oliver doing what he does best. Culinary artists are responsible for skillfully preparing meals that is pleasing to the eyes. Other then that a professional chef must also be knowledgeable in the area of diet and nutrition as well as science of food.

Maybe many are familiar with the words nutrition and also diet but what is science of food? Well food science is the study of technical aspects of food, beginning with harvesting or slaughtering and ending with its cooking and consumption.

Okay, from the Wikipedia, it looks as if when your studying food sciences you are more likely to become a scientist in research and development of food. Not likely I think. But other than being able to cook variety of food and dishes, the other important aspects of being a chef is the management skills. This skill is extremely important as it determines the future of one's restaurant. Not only you have to manage your underlings but also manage the arrangements of cuisines which is also consider an art.

Isn't this considered as an art? Look at how the placement of food and the cutlery's
that are well arranged.



here is another example of careful arrangement of the arrays of food.

The art of cooking is not solely for the presentation, of course THE PRESENTATION of the food is important to sell your credentials but the way or better yet the technique to cook in many various way is also part of the art. There are many methods of cooking but I don't think I can list every one but, the examples below are some of the best techniques I think to cook food..

BLACKENING

A cooking technique commonly used in preparing fish. This method was often associated with cajun cuisine but it is in fact a modern invention of chef Paul Prudhomme. The food is dipped in melted butter and dregged in a mixture of herbs and spices and then cooked in a hot cast of iron skillet.The picture on the right is a blakened redfish.

Chef Paul Prudhomme

STEAMING

Steaming is one the other way in cooking food wher you have to boil the water continously, using the steam to carry the heat and thus cooking the food. Such cooking is most often done by placing the food in a steamer. Western cooking usually use this method to cook vegetables but rarely on meat, but personally chinese cuisine or thai cuisine is most ideal using this type of method as they have a variety food cooked by this method and not just solely on vegetables.

Cantonnese cuisine, steamed fish, seasoned with soy sauce, coriander and welsh onion

thai cuisine, steamed seabass in lemon sauce



GRILLING

Grilling is a form of cooking that invoves dry heat from above or below. Direct heat grilling often expose food to temperatures up to 260C. One of the popular methods of grilling in Malaysia is BARBECUE. This type of method is best for large cuts of meat or bone-in poultry. It is even better when the meat is basted or marinade in sauce. One of Malaysia's favourite food; SATAY ,marinated meat on a bamboo skewer grilled over a charcoal fire served with peanut sauce.

To the left, the famous Robert Rainford or also known as King of Grill.

Malaysian Cuisine: Satay being prepared

ROTISSERIE

Here is also one the methods that is very popular in Malaysia. This method is especially used in cooking KEBAB'S. It is a style of roasting where meat is skewered on a spit- a long rod to hold the meat while being cooked in a fireplace
.

A vertical rotisserie cooking kebab


Illustration of spitted fowl being rotated while being basted with a long-handled spoon from The Romance of Alexander, Bruges.

As mention above art in cooking does not only count in the presentation of the meal but also the method or process of the cooking the 'art' started even before the cooking which the ingredients. Getting the right ingredients is important, if one fail to produced the right ingredient, how is it one suppose to produce the right type of meal. It is the same as drawing. How can you draw properly if given a brush instead of a pencil, right? So in conclusion this type of art, culinary arts is not like the most beautiful of all but when one is passionate about something, it really opens one's eye towards the beauty of it.

TYPE OF SOFTWARE

TYPE OF SOFTWARE

All software is not created equally.The type listed are general categorise to teach people how to look for certain characteristic.

• PRODUCTIVITY

This type of software also known as Tool software.Helps to produce documents,spreadsheets,a database or other products.Productivity category are the "Authority" programs.These authority programs help user to develop computer programs in computer languages.

• DRILL AND PRACTICE
  

Drill and practice software provide students with practice on concept they have learned.Good drill and practice provide feedback and give explanation how to get the correct answer and some contain student management systems to keep track of the student progress.

• PROBLEM SOLVING
  

A software that require student to use strategy and input.Most of this type of simulation and games software have some problem solving aspect.Problem solving programs can be great discussion starters for exploratory learning.The several version in the market in the WORLD,Where in EUROPE,Where in Time,Where in Space etc for Where....in Carmen Sandiego version.The Crosscountry USA software version for problem solving is simulated journey combines map reading,decision-making skills,and geography instead of using reference materials of the map books.

• TUTORIAL

This type of software present a new concept where text illustration,description and simulation are provided for the students to teach a specific task,skill or application.Most of the powerful productivity software packages include a tutorial to teach the user how to use the application.

• DEMONSTRATION AND PRESENTATION

Demonstration and presentation software was designed to help users to give a dynamic and usually impactful computer presentation.One of the most common features is the slide show option that runs automatically.

• REFERENCE

Reference materials are now available in electronic format.The reference provided for the users mainly about encyclopedias,medical and educational research journals as well as geographic references available for a reasonable costs.

• MULTIMEDIA

This type of software program that includes sound,pictures,graphics,video,text and hypertext.The reason that cause the large sized of files that sound and video require,these type of software generally stored on CD-ROM.

• GAMES

Educational games are generally a drill and practice format with a winner or top score option.Good problem solving and simulations can have a game appearance.

• GROUPWARE

This type of software is designed to be used for groups of students.The computer is viewed by a cooperative group of student or projected to the entire class.


The above are about the type of software been invented in our new 21st century.Them all help human to improve in many aspect.I hope what i have listed above is informative and satisfied you all as the reader.Thanks for willing to read my writing.

STORY OF BARACK OBAMA...

He was the first AFRICAN AMERICAN that current President Of The United States. The person that i mean is Barack Hussien Obama. Barack Obama was born on 4 August 1961. He was born at Kapiolani Maternity and Gynecological Hospital in Honolulu,Hawaii United States.He served as the junior Unites States senator from Illionois from January 2005 untill he resigned after his election to become the president of US.



About family of Obama,he was married with Michelle Obama. His wife is a lawyer and was a University of Chicago Hospital vise-president. She is the First Lady of The US. They have two cute daughters, Marlia Obama and Sasha Obama .



Obama made many changes to the world especially in United States. In politics, such as war that happen in Afghanistan. Early in his presidency, Obama moved to change United States war strategy by increasing troop strength in Afghanistan. On February 18 2009, Obama announced that the US troops strength in Afghanistan would be boosted by 17000 asset. After that on May 19 2009, Obama replaced his military commander in Afghanistan, General David D.Mckiernan with formal Special forces commander Lt. Gen Stanly A.Mc Chrystal believing that Gen.Mc Chrystal Special Force experience.

In conclusion, Obama can be the role model for new generations as we know Obama war rated as the most popular world leader as well as the one figure most people would pin their hopes on for pulling the world out of this economic downturn.




PEACE NO WAR !!!

TiPs To BeTTeR CoMMuNiCaTion.

THE ability to communicate is the primary factor that differentiates us, humans from animals.
Also,effective communication distinguishes us from individual to another.Today effective communication have become a predominant factor especially when recruiting new employees. Most interviewers these days do not primarily judge candidates solely on academic performances but also based on communication skills.

According to the various dictionaries the definition of ccommunication skills is as follows :

• Communication skills includes lip reading, finger-spelling, sign language; for interpersonal skills use, interpersonal relations.
• Communication skills is the ability to us e language (receptive) and express (expressive) information.
• Communication skills is the set of skills that enables a person to convey information so that it is received and understood. Communication skills refer to the repertoire of behaviors that serve to convey information for the individual.

Communication skill is an ability to communicate effectively with friends, lecturers, future employers and clients. Most people consider themselves good and effective communicators simply because they are fluent in the language they speak. Speaking fluently is not the only requirement, it also involves listening effectively, well in writing, reading and also non-verbal aspects. All this is to be bear in mind in order to be considered adept in communication skills. The fact that one needs to constantly work towards developing effective communication skills, there is also barriers that which one should overcome.

7 BARRIERS TO GREAT COMMUNICATION

1. Physical barriers

Physical barriers in the workplace include:

• marked out territories, empires and fiefdoms into which strangers are not allowed


• closed office doors, barrier screens, separate areas for people of different status

• large working areas or working in one unit that is physically separate from others.

Research shows that one of the most important factors in building cohesive teams is proximity. As long as people still have a personal space that they can call their own, nearness to others aids communication because it helps us get to know one another.

2. Perceptual barriers

The problem with communicating with others is that we all see the world differently. If we didn't, we would have no need to communicate: something like extrasensory perception would take its place.

The following anecdote is a reminder of how our thoughts, assumptions and perceptions shape our own realities:

A traveller was walking down a road when he met a man from the next town. "Excuse me," he said. "I am hoping to stay in the next town tonight. Can you tell me wha

t the townspeople are like?"

Well," said the townsman, "how did you find the people in the last town you visited?"

"Oh, they were an irascible bunch. Kept to themselves. Took me for a fool. Over-charged me for what I got. Gave me very poor service."

"Well, then," said the townsman, "you'll find them pretty much the

same here."

3. Emotional barriers

One of the chief barriers to open and free communications is the emotional barrier. It is comprised mainly of fear, mistrust and suspicion. The roots of our emotional mistrust of others lie in our childhood and infancy when we were taught to be careful what we said to others.

"Mind your P's and Q's"; "Don't speak until you're spoken to"; "Children should be seen and not heard". As a result many people hold back from communicating their thoughts and feelings to others.

They feel vulnerable. While some caution may be wise in certain relationships, excessive fear of what others might think of us can stunt our development as effective communicators and our ability to form meaningful relationships.

4. Cultural barriers

When we join a group and wish to remain in it, sooner or later we need to adopt the behaviour patterns of the group. These are the behaviours that the group accept as signs of belonging.The group rewards such behaviour through acts of recognition, approval and inclusion. In groups which are happy to accept you, and where you are happy to conform, there is a mutuality of interest and a high level of win-win contact.Where, however, there are barriers to your membership of a group, a high level of game-playing replaces good

communication.

5. Language barriers

Language that describes what we want to say in our terms may present barriers to others who are not familiar with our expressions, buzz-words and jargon. When we couch our communication in such language, it is a way of excluding others. In a global market place the greatest compliment we can pay another person is to talk in their language.One of the more chilling memories of the Cold War was the threat by the Soviet leader Nikita Khruschev saying to the Americans at the United Nations: "We will bury you!" This was taken to mean a threat of nuclear annihilation.However, a more accurate reading of Khruschev's words would have been: "We will overtake you!" meaning economic superiority. It was not just the language, but the fear and suspicion that the West had of the Soviet Union that led to the more alarmist and sinister interpretation.

6. Gender barriers

There are distinct differences between the speech patterns in a man and those in a woman. A woman speaks between 22,000 and 25,000 words a day whereas a man speaks between 7,000 and 10,000. In childhood, girls speak earlier than boys and at the age of three, have a vocabulary twice that of boys.The reason for this lies in the wiring of a man's and woman's brains. When a man talks, his speech is located in the left side of the brain but in no specific area. When a woman talks, the speech is located in both hemispheres and in two specific locations.

This means that a man talks in a linear, logical and compartmentalized way, features of left-brain thinking; whereas a woman talks more freely mixing logic and emotion, features of both sides of the brain. It also explains why women talk for much longer than men each day.

7 Interpersonal barriers

There are six levels at which people can distance

themselves from one another:

1. Withdrawal is an absence of interpersonal contact. It is both refusal to be in touch and time alone.


2. Rituals are meaningless, repetitive routines devoid of real contact.


3. Pastimes fill up time with others in social but superficial activities.

1. Working activities are those tasks which follow the rules and procedures of contact but no more.


2. Games are subtle, manipulative interactions which are about winning and losing. They include "rackets" and "stamps".


3. Closeness is the aim of interpersonal contact where there is a high level of honesty and acceptance of yourself and others.

Working on improving your communications is a broad-brush activity. You have to change your thoughts, your feelings, and your physical connections.

That way, you can break down the barriers that get in your way and start building relationships that really work.

Body movement and gestures to avoid

According to the experts one can communicate effectively when they understand the stages the stages of interpersonal communication which are...

The phatic stage: the initial exploratory stage, w hich determines the course of the conversation.This begins with the greetings and accompanying gestur es such as eye contact, the smile, etc. This stage is also known as the warming up stage. There is no meaning and attention, just a setting for the next level of conversation.

The personal stage: this is the second stage where personal elements are brought into the conversation. During this stage one tends to lower down their social guard and begin to interact more openly. They are ready to have an open co nversation about them and vice versa also the hesitation decreases. Interpersonal interactions generally move into a third stage otherwise professional conversation are confined on this stage.

The intimate stage: this stage is mainly meant for conversations between friends, family, relatives, where those conversation share a higher level of intimacy. Thi s conversation is not part of professional conversation as it involves sharing intimate details which is not a part of professional conversations.

keeping in mind of these stages, one becomes aware of how their conversation should progress, how to end it and to extend it. Effective communication calls for awareness and attentive listening.

Presentation skills are important when every time you present yourself to an employer, to market yourself even in everything that relate to your success. Anyway here are some input:

Presentation skills involves certain aspects including non-verbal skills , etiquette and grooming also the same factors listening and speaking. In order to ensure effective presentation skills one needs to keep in mind:

Avoid ambiguity
Accept feedback in order to gain confirmation and rule out confusion

Non-verbal Factors:

Voice: This implies the tone- sarcastic or sincere; warm or cold; rich and expressive; or dull and flat. The other voice aspect is the volume- shouting, barely audible o r medium volume.

Speech pattern: slow, hesitant, jerk, abrupt, or even-steady pace.

Eye contact:Whether the speaker is looking at listener/audience

Gestures: This includes hand movements

Postures: Shows how interested the speaker or the listener

Body movement: This includes the the movement of the body such as shrugs or shuffles, arm crossed or left lose, strides or standing in one position.

this is what happens when you don't have
good communication skills

This is just a little something I pick up in the net, so if its educational for you I am very glad that this little piece of info is helpful....